picric acid

Thân thiện

A chemist carefully handles a small vial of picric acid in the laboratory.

Definition

1. Noun:
   • A yellow, toxic, highly explosive strong acid. It is used in high explosives, as a dye, and in chemical reactions.

Usage

• Noun:
  • Picric acid must be handled with extreme care due to its explosive nature.
  • The laboratory uses picric acid in specific synthesis reactions.
  • Historically, picric acid was employed as a yellow dye for textiles.

Examples

• Noun:
  • The synthesis required the controlled addition of picric acid.
  • Safety protocols for storing picric acid are very stringent.
  • The compound forms bright yellow crystals of picric acid.

Advanced Usage

• Chemical Context: In chemistry, is systematically named 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP). It is a phenol derivative.
  • Picric acid can form unstable salts, known as picrates, with many metals, which are also highly explosive.
• Historical Context: It was once a primary explosive in munitions, like in artillery shells, before being replaced by safer compounds.
  • Picric acid saw use as an antiseptic in medicine, though this practice is now obsolete due to its toxicity.

Variants and Related Words

• Picrate (noun): A salt or ester of picric acid.
  • Example: Potassium picrate is a sensitive explosive compound.
• Trinitrophenol (noun): The systematic IUPAC name for picric acid.

Synonyms

• 2,4,6-Trinitrophenol (TNP): The formal chemical name.
• Carbazotic Acid: An obsolete synonym.

Notes on Usage

• CRITICAL SAFETY NOTE: is a primary high explosive, especially when dry or in crystalline form. It is shock-sensitive and friction-sensitive. It is also toxic, posing health risks through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact. This word almost exclusively appears in technical, historical, or safety contexts related to chemistry, explosives, or dyes.

Học thuật

Noun

1. a yellow toxic highly explosive strong acid; used in high explosives and as a dye and in chemical reactions